La protezione dell’ordine politico e sociale agli inizi della III Repubblica: 1871-1900

The chapter examines how the French Third Republic sought to protect the newly established republican constitutional order during its formative decades (1871–1900). It argues that the consolidation of the Republic relied not only on constitutional institutions but also on legislative and judicial measures aimed at neutralising political and social threats. Through the analysis of the 1880 amnesty for the Communards, the 1886 loi d’exil, the Senate acting as Haute Cour de justice in the Boulanger and nationalist trials, and the repression of anarchism, the chapter shows how the Republic progressively developed a constitutional model of self-preservation. These measures reveal the tension between liberal constitutional principles and the perceived necessity of defending the republican regime against both monarchical restoration and revolutionary movements.