Global value chains and deep integration

This eBook brings together recent research on the economics of Deep Trade Agreements (DTAs). What are the determinants of DTAs? How do they affect trade and non-trade outcomes? Are these effects different from those of shallow trade agreements? The research builds on the detailed information collected by the World Bank, in collaboration with other partners, on the content of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) in force and notified to WTO up to 2018.1 The chapters cover four main areas of analysis focusing on the economic impact of deep trade agreements, their political economy and institutional design, the role of DTAs in regulating border and behind-the-border measures, and non- trade issues in trade agreements.