The total fertility rate (TFR) fell below 1.3 children per woman—the threshold of so-called “lowest- low” fertility—in the year 1993 and reached a minimum level of 1.18 in 1995. Total fertility has thereafter increased, attaining a level of 1.34 in 2005 (estimation by the Italian National Statistical Institute). To what extent and since when has lowest-low fertility been perceived as a policy issue? Have policy changes, and in particular cash benefits and childcare services, had a role in the recent increase in Italian fertility? In what follows we try to discuss these issues and, if possible, to answer the questions.
Between Policy-Maker Awareness and Policy Responses: Lowest-low Fertility in Italy
BILLARI, FRANCESCO CANDELORO
2006
Abstract
The total fertility rate (TFR) fell below 1.3 children per woman—the threshold of so-called “lowest- low” fertility—in the year 1993 and reached a minimum level of 1.18 in 1995. Total fertility has thereafter increased, attaining a level of 1.34 in 2005 (estimation by the Italian National Statistical Institute). To what extent and since when has lowest-low fertility been perceived as a policy issue? Have policy changes, and in particular cash benefits and childcare services, had a role in the recent increase in Italian fertility? In what follows we try to discuss these issues and, if possible, to answer the questions.
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