Introduction. A critical overview of the European National Energy and Climate Plans

This paper is an introduction to the EPEE's special issue, which examines nine draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs). Firstly, we will briefly review the EU's energy-climate goals for 2020 and 2030 and we will look at its long-term "climate neutral" vision for 2050. We will then assess how successful or not individual member states were in achieving the EU's 2020 targets and how they can best achieve 2030 goals. In the third section, we will look at the overall achievement objectives for 2030 based on draft NECPs assessed by the European Commission in June 2019. However, we will express some criticism of the planning process required by the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union. Finally, we will present the findings of expert contributors from nine EU countries - Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom - who have assessed their respective countries' energy-climate plans