Targeted social safeguards in the age of universal social protection: the IMF and health systems of low-income countries

In offering loans to low-income countries in exchange for policy reforms, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) typically sets the fiscal parameters within which health systems develop. In a recent report released by the organisation, the IMF claims that their programmes have promoted social protection, including access to health care. We revisit the findings presented in the IMF’s assessment. Drawing on material collected from the IMF and empirical analyses, we show that the report is methodologically flawed, unduly optimistic and potentially misleading. We conclude by reflecting on the IMF’s steadfast endorsement of targeted social assistance, despite a global tide turn towards universal social provision.